索引
Index AB A-B-C process, 80 about this book, 5–7 acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), 10, 91, 196, 197 activity scheduling, 123 affect: practice for exploring, 181–193. See also emotions affective neuroscience, 19, 53, 61, 197 affiliation contexts, 20 amygdala, 52, 63, 64 anger, 153, 159, 183–186 antecedents to behavior, 80 anxiety, 77, 187–188 archetypal motives, 52 attachment: aversion and, 64; history and style of, 76–79 attachment anxiety, 77 attachment avoidance, 77 attachment behavioral system, 40 attachment security, 77 attachment theory, ix, 40 attention: focusing in a soothing way, 59; mindfulness and, 29–30, 93–94 aversion, 64, 82 avoidance: attachment, 77; of mindfulness practice, 103–104; safety strategies and, 176; shame-related, 15 awareness, compassionate, 91–105. See also mindfulnessbehavior: compassionate, 30–31; defensive, 175–176; functional analysis of, 80–82 behavior therapy, 80–87 behavioral activation, 201 beliefs of clients, 7–10 Bell, Tobyn, 182 biological influences, 173 body: practicing mindfulness of, 102; soothing rhythm breathing and, 57–59 Bowlby, John, 40, 76 brain: challenges of our evolved, 18; evolutionary shaping of, 49–59; exploring the old vs. new, 50–56; parts of the triune, 49–50. See also mind breathing: mindful, 57–58, 97–102; soothing rhythm, 30, 57–59 Burns, David, 174 C captain of the ship metaphor, 183, 190, 192 cardboard cutout metaphor, 131–132, 133 case formulation, 171–179; description of components in, 171; innate and historical influences in, 173; key fears explored in, 173–175; patterns of self and other relating in, 177; safety strategies recognized in, 175–176; treatment planning based on, 179; unintended consequences explored in, 176–177; worksheet for CFT, 172, 178, 210CFT Made Simple cerebral cortex, 50 CFT. See compassion-focused therapy CFT Case Formulation Worksheet, 172, 178, 210 chair work, 155–170; benefits of, 155; empty-chair work, 156–159; Multiple Selves practice and, 181; two-chair work, 159–170 Circle of Compassion, 27 coercive environment, 201 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 205 colleague consultations, 48 common humanity, 42, 47 compassion: attributes of, 26–29; building blocks of, 17–19; CFT as rooted in, 196; circle of, 27; connecting with qualities of, 44; cultivation of, 43–44; definition of, viii, 16–17, 25–26; extending to vulnerable self, 119–123; fears of, 41, 87–89; flow of, 152; skills related to, 29–31 compassion for others practice, 153–154 Compassion for Voices (film), xi Compassion Practice Journal form, 216 compassionate action, 30 compassionate awareness, 91–105 compassionate behavior, 30–31 compassionate correction, 16 compassionate imagery. See imagery compassionate letter-w riting, 124–127; example letter, 126; instructions for, 124–126, 214–215 Compassionate Mind, The (Gilbert), 43 Compassionate Mind Foundation, 36, 172 compassionate motivation, viii, 12, 28 compassionate self, 7, 115–127; captain of the ship metaphor and, 183, 190, 192; chair work with, 156, 159–170; example dialogue on practicing, 116–119; exposure therapy and, 201–202; helping clients cultivate, 17, 115–127; home practice of, 123–124; imagery practices based on, 152–153; letter- writing exercise for, 124–127; loving-kindness meditation and, 153; method-acting approach to developing, 116; modeling in therapy, 41–44; motivation and, 201; strengthening the perspective of, 123–124; therapeutic perspective using, 200–202; vulnerable or suffering self and, 119–123. See also self-compassion Compassionate Self practice, 30, 43, 116–119, 123, 127 226 compassionate thinking and reasoning, 29, 129–140; compassionate understanding linked to, 135–139; examples of working with, 131–134, 136–139; importance of mindfulness for, 130; mentalizing for, 135; threat-based thinking vs., 134–135 compassionate understanding: of the evolution of our brains, 49–59; of the social shaping of the self, 75–89; thought work linked to, 135–139; of the three types of emotion, 61–73 compassion-focused therapy (CFT): approach of, 3–4; case formulation in, 171–179; chair work in, 155–170; characteristics of, 195–196; compared to other approaches, 196–198; core ideas of, 14–23; evidence base for, 4–5, 205, 206; general description of, 2–3; integrating into your practice, 10–11, 198–202; layered approach to, 5–7; origins of, 13–14; roles of the therapist in, 33–47, 198; scientific basis of, 5; unique features of, x–xi competitive social rank, xi conditioning: operant, 80–82; respondent, 82–83 consequences: of behavior, 81; unintended, 176–177 contextual behavioral science (CBS), 197 coping strategies, 30 core fears/threats, 173–175 countertransference, 200 courage, vii, 26, 42 credibility, therapist, 35 D Dalai Lama, 197 debriefing exercises, 192–193 defensive behaviors, 175–176 derived relationships, 84–85 dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), 10, 43, 91 discriminative stimuli, 80 distress tolerance, 28, 163 downward arrow method, 174–175 drive system: explanation of, 63–64; inspiring through therapy, 200 E eating mindfully, 102 emotional brain, 50, 52 emotional courage, 26, 42Index emotional inertia, 57 emotional tone, vii–viii emotion-focused therapy (EFT), 10, 155, 163 emotion-regulation systems, ix, 19–20; evolution of, 52; three-circles model of, 62–65 emotions: breathing and, 57, 59; care-oriented, viii; chair work for working with, 155; compassionate feelings and, 30; evolutionary function of, x, 18; mindful awareness of, 92–93; Multiple Selves practice and, 181–193; organization of mind and, 65–71; shown by therapists, 151; threat, 20, 35, 63; three types of, ix, 61–73; understanding vs. judging, 56 empathy, 29 empiricism, 196, 197 empty-chair work, 156–159 environments: childhood development and, 75; goal for therapeutic, 200; insecure or invalidating, 20 evidence base for CFT, 4–5, 205, 206 evolution: CFT approach and, 3, 8, 197; client beliefs about, 7–10; cognitive challenges related to, 18; teaching clients about, 35, 198 evolutionary functional analysis, ix, 35, 61 exercising mindfully, 102 experience: case formulation related to, 173; emotions and the organization of, 65–71 experiential avoidance, 14 experiential exercises, 11, 38; Compassionate Letter- Writing, 124–127, 214–215; Connecting with Compassionate Qualities, 44; Ideal Compassionate Image Practice, 147–151; Mindful Checking-In, 94–97; Multiple Selves practice, 181–193; Soothing Rhythm Breathing, 58; Two Teachers vignette, 110–113; Working with Motivation and Intention, 11–12 exposure therapy, 11, 196, 201–202 external shame, 14, 23 external threats, 173 F failure, feelings of, 104–105 fears: of compassion, 41, 87–89; exposure therapy for, 201–202; identifying key, 173–175 feelings: cultivating compassionate, 30; mindful awareness of, 92–93. See also emotions flow of compassion, 152 forgetting to practice, 103 forms, 209–216; CFT Case Formulation Worksheet, 172, 178, 210; Compassion Practice Journal, 216; Instructions for Compassionate Letter-Writing, 214–215; Threat Emotion Monitoring, 124, 211–212, 213 frozen prawns metaphor, 88 functional analysis of behavior, 80–82 functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP), 10, 35, 197 functional contextualism, 197 G Germer, Chris, 195 Gibran, Kahlil, 1 Gilbert, Paul, xii, 2, 5, 13, 59, 72, 141, 172, 181 Good Will Hunting (film), 19 Greenberg, Leslie, 155 guided discovery, 37–39; experiential exercises for, 38; exploring interpersonal dynamics for, 38–39; Socratic dialogue for, 37–38; working with obstacles for, 39 H Hayes, Steven C., 206 heartfelt motivation, viii helpfulness, viii, 29 historical influences, 173 home practice: compassionate self, 123–124; soothing rhythm breathing, 59; supplementary materials for, 36–37; threat emotion monitoring, 124, 211–213 humility, 198 I imagery, 30, 141–154; compassion for distress, threat feelings, and pain practice, 152; compassion for others practice, 153–154; compassion for the self practice, 152–153; exposure therapy using, 201; introducing clients to, 141–143; perfect nurturer practice, 147–151; safe place created with, 143–147 implicit processing systems, 52 innate influences, 173 Inside Out (film), x 227CFT Made Simple Instructions for Compassionate Letter-Writing (form), 214–215 intention, exercise on working with, 11–12 internal affiliative relationship, x internal shame, 14, 23 internal threats, 173, 175 internal working models, 40, 173 interpersonal dynamics, 38–39 invalidating environments, 20 J judging thoughts/emotions, 56 K Kabat-Zinn, Jon, 92 key fears, 173–175 L layered processes and practices, 5–7 learned responses, 30 learning: prepared, 83; social, 85–87 learning theory, 80–87 Lee, Deborah, 147 letter-w riting. See compassionate letter-w riting lifestyles, compassionate, 115 lightheartedness, 43 limbic system, 49–50 loving-kindness practices, 153–154 M Maclean, Paul, 49 maladaptive consequences, 176 memories: case formulation drawing on, 173; emotions shaped by, 71; exposure therapy and, 201–202; reconsolidation of, 196, 201–202 mental experiences, 141. See also imagery mental “palate cleanser,” 183, 186, 191 mentalizing, 135 metaphors: captain of the ship, 183, 190, 192; cardboard cutout, 131–132, 133; frozen prawns, 88; path in the woods, 136–138 method-acting approach, 116 Mikulincer, Mario, 40 228 mind: emotions and the organization of, 65–71; mindfully noticing movement in, 105. See also brain mindful breathing, 97–102; soothing rhythm breathing vs., 57–58; teaching to clients, 98–101; therapist practice of, 102 Mindful Checking-In exercise, 94–97 Mindful Compassion (Gilbert and Choden), 43 Mindful Self-Compassion program, 195 mindful task completion, 102 mindfulness, 91–105; attention and, 29–30, 93–94; benefits of practicing, 92–93; breathing based on, 97–102; Checking-In exercise, 94–97; common activities utilizing, 102–103; compassionate thought work and, 130; definition of, 92; facilitating with the three circles, 199; obstacles to practicing, 103–105; preparing clients for, 93–94 mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), 10, 91 motivation: brain evolution and, 52; compassionate, viii, 12, 28, 201; exercise on working with, 11–12; guiding force of, xi; mindfulness practice and, 103–104; self-criticism used for, 163; social mentalities and, 72–73 Multiple Selves practice, 181–193; captain of the ship metaphor and, 183, 190, 192; debriefing with clients, 192–193; example dialogue illustrating, 183–191; explanation of, 181–182; potential objectives of, 182; tips for facilitating, 182–183 N Neff, Kristin, 42, 195 negative punishment, 81 neo-mammalian brain, 50 neuroscience, affective, 19, 53, 61, 197 New Harbinger website, 36 nonjudgment, 28 O obstacles: in mindfulness training, 103–105; working collaboratively with, 39 old vs. new brain, 50–56 operant conditioning, 80–82 organization of experience, 65–71; compassionate mind and, 130; safeness system and, 68–71; threat system and, 65, 66–68, 130Index other-directed compassion, 153–154 other-schemas, 173 P paleo-mammalian brain, 49 parasympathetic nervous system, ix, 196 path in the woods metaphor, 136–138 peer-supervision process, 48 perfect nurturer practice, 147–151 phrases, compassionate, 152–153 polyvagal theory, 196 Porges, Stephen, 196 positive punishment, 81 prepared learning, 83 present-moment affective work, 35 progressive muscle relaxation, 59 Prophet, The (Gibran), 1 punishment, 81 R randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 reasoning, compassionate, 56, 103, 134–135. See also compassionate thinking and reasoning reconsolidation of memories, 196, 201–202 reinforcement, 81 relational frame theory (RFT), 84–85, 196 relational safeness, 31 relationships: affiliative, x; derived, 84–85. See also therapeutic relationship relaxation exercises, 58–59 reptilian brain, 49 respondent conditioning, 82–83 response cost, 81 roles of CFT therapist, 33–47; considering the functions of, 198; facilitator of guided discovery, 37–39; model of compassionate self, 41–44; provider of secure base, 40–41; putting into play with clients, 44–47; teacher of CFT model, 34–37 S sadness, 72, 188 safe haven, ix safe place imagery, 143–147 safeness: creating feelings of, 19–23, 200; emotion- regulation system for, 64–65; imagery practice for, 143–147; secure base related to, 40–41; social connectedness and, 64–65; therapeutic environment of, 31 safeness system: explanation of, 64–65; organization of the mind and, 68–71 safeness-drive-threat ratio, 200 safety strategies, 77, 175–177; recognizing in clients, 175–176; self and other relating and, 177; unintended consequences of, 176–177 Schoendorff, Benji, 196 secure attachment, 77 secure base, ix, 40–41 self: different versions of, 76; emotions and the organization of, 68; multiple versions of, 181–193; practicing compassion for, 152–153; social shaping of, 18–19, 75–89 self-attacking, 199 self-compassion: chair work for experiencing, 159; common humanity as core component of, 42, 47; imagery practice for developing, 152–153; Two Teachers vignette for developing, 110–113; understanding as foundational layer of, 89. See also compassionate self self-criticism, 107–113; chair work for, 155, 156, 159, 163–170; crippling effect of, 14–16; discovering the motivation behind, 163; Socratic dialog for exploring, 108–110, 112–113, 163; Two Teachers vignette on, 110–113 self-disclosure, 47–48 self-harm, 176 self-schemas, 173 self-stigma, 15 sensitivity, 27 sensory anchors, 146 sensory focusing, 30 sexual fantasies, 52 shame: crippling effect of, 14–16; internal vs. external, 14, 23; process of overcoming, 3 Shaver, Philip, 40 showering mindfully, 102 Silberstein, Laura, 196 slowing, creating a sense of, 58 229CFT Made Simple social experiences: safeness system related to, 64–65; the self shaped through, 18–19, 23 social influences, 173 social learning, 85–87 social mentalities, 72–73, 115 social shaping of the self, 18–19, 76–87; attachment history/style and, 76–79; learning theory/behavior therapy and, 80–87 Socratic dialogue, 37–38; safety strategies and, 176; self-criticism and, 108–110, 112–113, 163; undermining self-attacks through, 199 soothing rhythm breathing, 30, 57–59; instructions for practicing, 58; mindful breathing vs., 57–58; safe place imagery and, 146 stimulus functions, 84 substance abuse, 176, 177 suffering, CFT orientation to, 25–26 supplementary materials, 36–37 sympathy, 27–28, 139 T teacher role in CFT, 34–37; client’s lived experience and, 35–36; supplementary materials related to, 36–37 temperaments, 75 therapeutic relationship, 33–48; guided discovery in, 37–39; modeling the compassionate self in, 41–44; roles of the therapist in, 33–47, 198; secure base provided in, 40–41; teaching the CFT model in, 34–37; therapist self-disclosure in, 47–48; three- circles model and, 199–200 therapists: characteristics of CFT, 195–196; credibility of, 35; emotion shown by, 151; mindful breathing practice of, 102; roles performed by, 33–47, 198; self-disclosure used by, 47–48 “third wave” therapies, 10, 91, 197 thoughts: cultivating compassionate, 29, 129–140; mindful awareness of, 92–93; threat-based vs. compassionate, 134–135; understanding vs. 230 judging, 56; working with threat-focused, 130– 134. See also compassionate thinking and reasoning Threat Emotion Monitoring form, 124, 211–212, 213 threat emotions: effects of, 20, 35; form for monitoring, 124, 211–212, 213; softening the intensity of, 30, 58, 59 threat system: explanation of, 63; organization of the mind and, 65, 66–68, 130; therapy experience and, 200 threat-focused thoughts, 130–135; compassionate thoughts vs., 134–135; example of working with, 130–134 three-circles model of emotions, 62–65; client interactions and, 199–200; drive system in, 63–64; mindfulness and, 199; safeness system in, 64–65; threat system in, 62 Tirch, Dennis, 196 treatment planning, 179 triune brain, 49 True Strength program, vii Two Teachers vignette, 110–113 two-chair work, 159–170; with compassionate and vulnerable selves, 159–163; with compassionate, vulnerable, and self-critical selves, 163–170 U understanding. See compassionate understanding unintended consequences, 176–177 V vulnerable self: chair work with, 159–170; extending compassion to, 119–123 W walking mindfully, 102 warmth, 16, 196; modeling with clients, 42; therapeutic context of, 26, 41 worksheets. See formsMOR E BOOK S from NE W HA R BI NGER PUBLICATIONS DBT MADE SIMPLE A Step-by-Step Guide to Dialectical Behavior Therapy ACT MADE SIMPLE An Easy-To-Read Primer on Acceptance & Commitment Therapy ISBN: 978-1608821648 / US $39.95 ISBN: 978-1572247055 / US $39.95 THE ACT PRACTITIONER’S GUIDE TO THE SCIENCE OF COMPASSION Tools for Fostering Psychological Flexibility ISBN: 978-1626250550 / US $49.95 THE COMPASSIONATE MIND A New Approach to Life’s Challenges ISBN: 978-1572248403 / US $24.95 MINDFUL COMPASSION How the Science of Compassion Can Help You Understand Your Emotions, Live in the Present, and Connect Deeply with Others ISBN: 978-1626250611 / US $18.95 MINDFULNESS MEDITATION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY An Integrated Model for Clinicians ISBN: 978-1626252752 / US $39.95 An Imprint of New Harbinger Publications newharbingerpublications 1-800-748-6273 / newharbinger.com (VISA, MC, AMEX / prices subject to change without notice) Follow Us Don’t miss out on new books in the subjects that interest you. 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