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导言

引言

大家好,我是妮娜·约瑟福维茨。作为一名心理学家、认知行为治疗师和教师,我已经有超过二十五年的经验。我的写作伙伴是大卫·迈兰,他也是一位精神病学家,有超过二十五年的认知行为疗法(CBT)实践和教学经验。我们希望这本书能帮助你在自己的治疗实践中以及生活中开始使用CBT。虽然我们共同撰写了这本书,但我们决定主要使用我的写作风格,因此书中的叙述主要采用第一人称单数的视角。

让我们从定义CBT开始。CBT是一种基于证据的方法,用于理解和治疗心理问题。它是一种结构化、主动的治疗形式,治疗开始时会设定来访的目标,并在整个治疗过程中予以关注。CBT基于四个基本原则:

  1. 人们的思维方式会影响他们的感受、生理反应和行为。这意味着,来访的问题可以通过他们的思维、感受、生理反应和行为之间的相互作用和维持来理解。
  2. 来访可以学会意识到自己的思维,CBT干预可以帮助来访改变这些思维。
  3. 当来访改变他们的思维方式时,他们的感受、生理反应和行为也会随之改变。
  4. 由于思维、感受、生理反应和行为之间是相互关联的,当来访改变他们的行为时,这也会对他们的思维、感受和生理反应产生影响。

CBT最早在1970年代作为一种治疗抑郁症的方法被开发出来(Beck, 1970; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979)。当时,我还是多伦多大学的一名年轻的研究生,刚刚学习如何成为一名治疗师。当时的主要治疗取向是罗杰斯派、格式塔和心理动力学。CBT的聚焦结构以及主动处理思维的方式完全是一种全新的、令人兴奋的方法。

我还记得自己成为一位坚定的CBT治疗师的那一刻。当时我正准备申请研究生期间的第一个实习。想象一下:我坐在公交车上前往面试的路上,感到非常紧张。不知为何,公交车停了二十分钟。我意识到自己将会迟到,而且当时没有手机,我什么也做不了。我的焦虑加剧了。然后……我想起了前一天的CBT课程。我深吸了一口气,问自己:“我在想什么?”嗯,我的想法是:“我会迟到的,我的职业生涯完了!我永远得不到实习机会,还会在研究生院失败。”我开始自嘲地笑起来。即使在我极度焦虑的状态下,我也知道我是在夸大其词。那就是我成为CBT治疗师的时刻。

在过去的五十年里,数百项研究既考察了CBT的基本理论,也评估了其对各个年龄段儿童和成人的有效性(Beck & Dozois, 2011)。让我给你一个研究范围的概览。Hofmann、Asnaani、Vonk、Sawyer和Fang(2012)审查了关于CBT有效性的元分析。他们发现,尽管某些疾病的研宄结果更为有力,但总体而言,与安慰剂或等待名单对照组相比,CBT已被证明对多种问题的有效治疗,包括抑郁症、双相情感障碍、焦虑症、酒精和药物滥用、精神分裂症、饮食障碍、失眠、人格障碍、愤怒和攻击行为、犯罪行为、一般压力、因各种医疗状况引起的痛苦和慢性疼痛。

本书的组织结构

你可以把治疗比作建造一栋大楼;你需要从一个坚实的基础开始。在第一部分,我们将学习如何铺设CBT的基础。一个好的基础包括清楚了解来访的問題和目标、向来访解释CBT,并开始使用结构化的格式。你希望这个基础像防水一样坚固,能够经受风暴并支撑起一座重大的建筑,这意味着即使来访非常困扰并经历困难时期,你在初期铺设的基础也会对你和来访大有裨益。

下一步是搭建脚手架。没有一个好的框架,你就无法砌墙和安装窗户。在第二部分,你将学习识别来访的情绪、生理反应、行为和想法,并创建一个四因素模型,为理解来访的问题提供框架。

建造房屋的最后阶段是砌墙、安装窗户和门。好的承包商不会急于求成;他们知道建筑需要一个坚实的结构。同样的道理也适用于CBT。第三部分涵盖了认知和行为干预。我们将重点讨论各种认知干预措施,包括检查负面想法的证据、帮助来访换一个新视角以及发展平衡或替代想法。我们还将介绍三种行为干预措施:问题解决、行为激活和暴露疗法。

最后,在第四部分,我们将看到整栋房子的全貌。我们将通过两个假设来访苏珊和罗尔的案例,全面介绍CBT。这一部分还深入探讨了核心信念及其在CBT中的重要性。随着你阅读本书并开始掌握CBT的概念和技能,你将奠定一个坚实的基础,可以用来帮助来访实现他们的目标并解决导致他们寻求治疗的问题。

CBT理论和干预措施适用于所有种族背景、性取向、文化和宗教的人。在本书中,我尽量使用“伴侣”一词而不是指定伴侣的性别,以避免默认异性恋。在我的实践中,我从不在未确认之前假设来访的性取向。此外,当我在书中提到假设来访时,每章都会交替使用不同性别的来访。为了简化起见,治疗师始终是女性。

CBT会话遵循特定的结构,因此我认为如果本书每一章的结构模仿实际治疗会话的结构,将会有所帮助。每一章都以回顾前一章的家庭作业开始,然后设定议程,概述本章的主要焦点。接着,我们按照议程学习本章涵盖的具体技能。在每一章的末尾,我会布置家庭作业,让你有机会复习所学内容。我希望每一章的结构能让你感受到结构化CBT会话的样子。

进一步阐述知识点

1. CBT的基本概念

认知行为疗法(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT)是一种基于证据的心理治疗方法,主要用于理解和治疗心理问题。CBT的核心在于通过改变个体的思维方式来影响其情感和行为,从而达到治疗目的。CBT基于四个基本原则:

  1. 思维影响情感和行为:人们的思维方式会影响他们的感受、生理反应和行为。这意味着,来访的问题可以通过他们的思维、感受、生理反应和行为之间的相互作用和维持来理解。
  2. 意识和改变思维:来访可以学会意识到自己的思维,CBT干预可以帮助来访改变这些思维。
  3. 改变思维带来改变:当来访改变他们的思维方式时,他们的感受、生理反应和行为也会随之改变。
  4. 行为改变影响思维:由于思维、感受、生理反应和行为之间是相互关联的,当来访改变他们的行为时,这也会对他们的思维、感受和生理反应产生影响。

2. CBT的历史背景

CBT最早在1970年代作为一种治疗抑郁症的方法被开发出来。当时的主流治疗取向是罗杰斯派、格式塔和心理动力学。CBT的聚焦结构和主动处理思维的方式完全是一种全新的、令人兴奋的方法。妮娜·约瑟福维茨回忆了自己成为CBT治疗师的那一刻,她在公交车上通过应用CBT技术缓解了自己的焦虑,从而坚定了她对CBT的信心。

3. CBT的研究支持

在过去的五十年里,数百项研究既考察了CBT的基本理论,也评估了其对各个年龄段儿童和成人的有效性。Hofmann等人(2012)的元分析研究表明,尽管某些疾病的研宄结果更为有力,但总体而言,与安慰剂或等待名单对照组相比,CBT已被证明对多种问题的有效治疗,包括但不限于:

  • 抑郁症
  • 双相情感障碍
  • 焦虑症
  • 酒精和药物滥用
  • 精神分裂症
  • 饮食障碍
  • 失眠
  • 人格障碍
  • 愤怒和攻击行为
  • 犯罪行为
  • 一般压力
  • 因各种医疗状况引起的痛苦
  • 慢性疼痛

4. 总结

CBT是一种基于证据的心理治疗方法,通过改变个体的思维方式来影响其情感和行为。它基于四个基本原则,强调思维、感受、生理反应和行为之间的相互关系。CBT不仅在理论上得到了广泛的支持,而且在实际应用中也取得了显著的效果。通过这本书,读者不仅可以学习到CBT的基本理论,还能掌握实际操作技巧,帮助自己和他人改善心理状态。

如何学习

研究表明:要学习一项新技能,不仅需要新的信息,还需要积极的策略来帮助你记住和练习所学内容(O’Brien et al., 2001)。挑战在于如何将主动学习融入一本书中。

首先,如果你想记住某件事,就需要定期复习。复习可以很快完成;即使花一两分钟也会有帮助。每章的末尾都有一个复习部分,你将有机会思考对你重要的内容。此外,每章开头都会快速回顾前一章的内容。

其次,研究表明,主动回答问题和自我测试有助于记忆(Roediger & Karpicke, 2006)。每章末尾列出了我们覆盖的主要话题,每个话题后面都有一个问题。尝试回答这些问题。如果你不确定答案,可以回到该章节的相关部分。

第三,除非应用所学内容并进行练习,否则很难记住。数据非常明确:练习得越多,效果越好。如果你想学习新的治疗技能,就必须练习。书中包含了一些我称为“轮到你了!”的练习,这是你练习刚学概念的机会。“轮到你了!”练习的答案在附录中。你还可以在 http://www.newharbinger.com/38501 下载额外的练习(见下文)。最后,每章末尾我都建议了一些作业,让你在进入下一章之前完成。这是一个将CBT应用于你自己的治疗实践的机会。我相信你会喜欢做这些练习。

CBT与你

多年来,我发现将CBT应用于自己的生活不仅帮助我更好地应对各种情况,还提升了我的CBT技能。最近的研究支持了我的经验,即当我们将CBT应用于自己时,我们会成为更好的CBT治疗师(Bennett-Levy & Lee, 2014)。在书中,我设计了一些练习,要求你将CBT应用于自己的生活。尝试这些练习;我相信你会觉得它们很有帮助。

在线材料

除了本书中的所有内容外,New Harbinger 的配套网站 http://www.newharbinger.com/38501 提供了大量的可下载补充材料。

  • 讲义:在网站上,你可以找到可以与来访一起使用的讲义,包括工作表和有用问题的列表。
  • 练习:这些是额外练习的机会,可以帮助你更深入地理解复杂的概念。这些练习在书中用以下图标标记。
  • 音频文件:你可以找到音频文件,包括“轮到你了!在想象中练习”的练习,这些练习用以下图标标记。
  • 视频片段:从第二章开始,我有一些简短的视频片段,演示我们刚刚覆盖的技能。这些视频片段用以下图标标记。我们将跟随两位来访,夏洛特和约翰,他们是多年来我的多位来访的综合。在观看视频片段之前,请访问 http://www.newharbinger.com/38501 并下载简短的书面概述,即夏洛特和约翰的心理社会史和当前问题。

结论

在我们的职业生涯中,大卫和我一直对CBT帮助来访在生活中做出实际且有益的改变的能力充满热情。我们发现,随着来访开始真正发生变化,实践CBT往往是有趣且引人入胜的。如果你是CBT的新手,我们认为这本书将给你一个坚实的基础;如果你已经实践CBT一段时间,我们认为这本书将帮助你提高效率。这本书展示了大卫和我是如何进行治疗的。所有治疗师都有自己独特的风格,显然没有一种正确的CBT实践方式。当你阅读示例对话时,看看是否有我们实践的方式是你希望融入自己治疗风格的。

在你开始阅读第一章之前,最后再说一句:一定要尝试练习。现实是,如果你想学习新东西,你必须练习!

本章知识点阐述

进一步阐述知识点

1. 本书的组织结构

本书的组织结构类似于建造一栋大楼的过程,分为四个主要部分:

第一部分:铺设CBT的基础

  • 理解来访的问题和目标:清楚了解来访的問題和目标是治疗的基础。
  • 解释CBT:向来访解释CBT的基本原理和方法。
  • 使用结构化格式:从一开始就使用结构化的治疗格式,确保治疗的系统性和有效性。

第二部分:搭建框架

  • 识别来访的情绪、生理反应、行为和想法:通过识别来访的这些方面,创建一个四因素模型,为理解来访的问题提供框架。
  • 四因素模型:情绪、生理反应、行为和想法之间的相互作用是理解来访问题的关键。

第三部分:认知和行为干预

  • 认知干预
    • 检查负面想法的证据:帮助来访识别和挑战负面想法。
    • 换一个新视角:帮助来访从不同的角度看待问题。
    • 发展平衡或替代想法:帮助来访形成更积极和平衡的思维方式。
  • 行为干预
    • 问题解决:教来访如何系统地解决实际问题。
    • 行为激活:通过增加积极的行为来改善情绪。
    • 暴露疗法:帮助来访面对和克服恐惧和焦虑。

第四部分:CBT的实际应用

  • 假设案例:通过苏珊和罗尔的假设案例,全面展示CBT的应用。
  • 核心信念:深入探讨核心信念在CBT中的重要性,帮助来访改变深层次的负面信念。

2. CBT的适用性和包容性

CBT理论和干预措施适用于所有种族背景、性取向、文化和宗教的人。本书在描述来访时尽量使用中性词汇,避免默认异性恋。作者在实际工作中也不会在未确认之前假设来访的性取向。此外,假设来访在每章中会交替使用不同性别,以确保内容的多样性和包容性。

3. 结构化的CBT会话

CBT会话遵循特定的结构,每一章的结构也模仿了实际治疗会话的结构:

  • 回顾前一章的家庭作业:每章开始时回顾前一章的家庭作业,巩固已学内容。
  • 设定议程:概述本章的主要焦点,确保学习目标明确。
  • 学习具体技能:按照议程逐步学习本章涵盖的具体技能。
  • 布置家庭作业:每章末尾布置家庭作业,让读者有机会实践和复习所学内容。

4. 总结

通过本书的学习,你将逐步掌握CBT的基本理论和技能,为实际治疗打下坚实的基础。每一章的结构设计旨在模拟实际的CBT会话,帮助你更好地理解和应用CBT。无论你是初学者还是有经验的治疗师,本书都将为你提供宝贵的指导和支持。

进一步阐述知识点

1. 学习新技能的方法

积极的策略

  • 定期复习:定期复习所学内容,即使花一两分钟也会有帮助。每章的末尾都有一个复习部分,帮助你回顾重要知识点。
  • 主动回答问题:主动回答问题和自我测试有助于记忆。每章末尾列出了主要话题和相关问题,鼓励你尝试回答。
  • 应用和练习:应用所学内容并进行练习是记住的关键。书中包含了许多练习,如“轮到你了!”练习,帮助你巩固所学知识。

2. 书中的学习设计

  • 复习部分:每章末尾都有复习部分,帮助你回顾和总结重要知识点。
  • 问题和答案:每章末尾列出主要话题和相关问题,鼓励你主动回答。不确定答案时,可以回到相关部分复习。
  • 练习和家庭作业:书中包含许多练习,如“轮到你了!”练习,帮助你应用所学概念。每章末尾还有建议的家庭作业,让你在进入下一章之前巩固所学内容。

3. CBT与个人成长

  • 个人应用:将CBT应用于自己的生活不仅帮助你更好地应对各种情况,还提升你的CBT技能。
  • 研究支持:最近的研究表明,将CBT应用于自己可以提高CBT治疗师的能力(Bennett-Levy & Lee, 2014)。
  • 书中练习:书中设计了许多练习,要求你将CBT应用于自己的生活,帮助你在实践中学习和成长。

4. 总结

通过本书的学习,你将掌握如何有效地学习新技能,特别是CBT。书中的复习部分、问题和答案、练习和家庭作业都是为了帮助你更好地记住和应用所学内容。将CBT应用于自己的生活不仅有助于个人成长,还能提升你的CBT技能。希望这些练习和设计能帮助你在学习过程中取得更好的效果。

进一步阐述知识点

1. 在线材料

讲义

  • 用途:网站上提供了可以与来访一起使用的讲义,包括工作表和有用问题的列表。
  • 好处:这些讲义可以帮助你更好地准备和组织治疗过程,使来访更容易理解和应用CBT概念。

练习

  • 用途:这些练习是额外练习的机会,可以帮助你更深入地理解复杂的概念。
  • 好处:通过这些练习,你可以巩固所学知识,提高实际应用能力。这些练习在书中用特定图标标记,便于识别。

音频文件

  • 用途:音频文件包括“轮到你了!在想象中练习”的练习,帮助你在想象中进行实践。
  • 好处:这些音频文件提供了一种互动的学习方式,使你可以在放松的环境中练习CBT技巧。

视频片段

  • 用途:从第二章开始,有一些简短的视频片段,演示我们刚刚覆盖的技能。
  • 好处:通过观看这些视频片段,你可以直观地了解如何应用CBT技巧。视频中的来访夏洛特和约翰是多年来的多位来访的综合,具有代表性。在观看视频之前,建议先下载他们的心理社会史和当前问题的书面概述。

2. 结论

对CBT的热情

  • 作者的经历:大卫和我一直对CBT帮助来访在生活中做出实际且有益的改变的能力充满热情。
  • 来访的变化:随着来访开始真正发生变化,实践CBT往往是有趣且引人入胜的。

适合不同水平的读者

  • 新手:如果你是CBT的新手,这本书将给你一个坚实的基础。
  • 有经验者:如果你已经实践CBT一段时间,这本书将帮助你提高效率。

个性化实践

  • 治疗师的风格:所有治疗师都有自己独特的风格,没有一种正确的CBT实践方式。
  • 示例对话:书中提供的示例对话可以帮助你了解不同的实践方式,选择适合自己的方法。

最后的建议

  • 练习的重要性:一定要尝试练习。现实是,如果你想学习新东西,你必须练习。
  • 学习方法:通过练习、讲义、音频文件和视频片段,你可以更全面地掌握CBT的理论和实践技巧。

3. 总结

通过本书和配套的在线材料,你将获得丰富的资源来学习和实践CBT。无论是新手还是有经验的治疗师,都能从中受益。通过练习和实际应用,你将能够更好地帮助来访在生活中做出积极的改变。希望这些资源能帮助你在CBT的道路上不断进步。

Introduction Hello, I am Nina Josefowitz. I have been a psychologist, cognitive behavioral therapist, and teacher for over twenty-five years. My partner in writing this book is David Myran, a psychiatrist who has also practiced and taught cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for over twenty-five years. We hope this book will help you start to use CBT in your own therapy practice as well as your own life. While we have written the book together, we decided to mainly use my writing style, and therefore the book is written from the singular first person point of view. Let’s begin with defining CBT. CBT is an evidence-based approach to understanding and treating psychological problems. It is a structured, active form of therapy in which the client’s goals are set in the beginning and are addressed throughout therapy. CBT is based on four fundamental principles:

  1. How people understand the world, or how they think, influences how they feel, their physical reactions, and how they behave. This means that clients’ problems can be understood in terms of how their thoughts, feelings, physical reactions, and behavior interact and maintain their problems.
  2. Clients can learn to become aware of their thoughts, and CBT interventions can help clients change their thoughts.
  3. When clients change how they think, their feelings, physical reactions, and behaviors will also change.
  4. Because thoughts, feelings, physical reactions, and behaviors are interrelated, when clients change their behaviors, this will also impact their thoughts, feelings, and physical reactions. CBT was first developed in the 1970s as a treatment for depression (Beck, 1970; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). At the time, I was a young graduate student at the University of Toronto, just learning how to be a therapist. The dominant therapeutic orientations were Rogerian, gestalt, and psychody- namic. The focused structure of CBT, combined with actively addressing thoughts, was a completely novel and very exciting approach. I can remember the moment I became a committed CBT therapist. I was about to apply for my first practicum in graduate school. Try to imagine: I am sitting on the bus on the way to the interview, feeling anxious. For some reason, the bus stops for twenty minutes. I realize that I am going to be late and that there is absolutely nothing I can do (at that time there were no cell phones). My anxiety rises. Then…I remember my CBT class from the previous day. I take a deep breath and ask myself, What am I thinking? Well, my thoughts are I will be late; my career is ruined! I will never get a practicum placement, and I will fail graduate school. I start to laugh at myself. Even in my highly anxious state, I knew I was catastrophizing. That was the moment I became a CBT therapist. In the past fifty years, hundreds of studies have examined both the underlying theory as well as the effectiveness of CBT for children and adults of all ages (Beck & Dozois, 2011). Let me give you an idea of the extensiveness of the research. Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, and Fang (2012) examined meta-analyses of the effectiveness of CBT. They found that while the research is stronger for some disorders than others, generally CBT has been found to be an effective therapy compared with a placebo or waiting list control group for a great variety of problems, including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, abuse of alcohol and drugs, schizophrenia, eating disorders, insomnia, personality disorders, anger and aggression, criminal behaviors, general stress, distress due to a variety of medical conditions, and chronic pain.

How This Book Is Organized You can think of therapy as similar to constructing a building; you need to start with a solid founda- tion. In part 1 we are going to learn how to lay the foundation of CBT. A good foundation consists of obtaining a clear sense of your client’s problems and goals, explaining CBT to your client, and starting to use a structured format. You want a foundation that is waterproof, that will stand up to storms and support a heavy building, which means that even if your client is very distressed and goes through hard times, the early work you do in laying down the foundation will serve you and your client well. The next step is putting up the scaffolding. Without a good framework, you can’t put up the walls and windows. In part 2 you will learn to identify your clients’ feelings, physical reactions, behaviors, and thoughts and create a four-factor model that will provide the framework for understanding your clients’ problems. The final stage in building a house involves putting up the walls, windows, and doors. Good con- tractors take their time; they know that the building needs a solid structure. The same is true in CBT. Part 3 covers cognitive and behavioral interventions. We will focus on a variety of cognitive interven- tions, including examining the evidence for negative thoughts, helping clients take a new perspective, and developing balanced or alternative thoughts. We will also cover three behavioral interventions: problem solving, behavioral activation, and exposure therapy. Finally, in part 4 we look at the complete house. We bring CBT to life with an overview of CBT for two hypothetical clients we will follow throughout the book, Suzanne and Raoul. This final section also delves into core beliefs and their importance in CBT. As you work through the book and start to master CBT concepts and skills, you will be laying a solid foundation you can draw upon to help your clients achieve their goals and solve the problems that brought them into therapy. CBT theory and interventions are relevant to people of all ethnic backgrounds, sexual orienta- tions, cultures, and religions. Throughout the book I have tried to refer to “partners” rather than specify the gender of the partner to ensure that heterosexuality is not assumed. In my own practice I never assume a client’s sexual orientation without first checking. Also, when I refer to hypothetical clients in the book, I alternate the client’s gender with each chapter. For simplicity’s sake, the therapist is always female. CBT sessions follow a specific structure, so I thought it would be helpful if the structure of each chapter in this book mimicked the structure of an actual therapy session. Each chapter begins with a check-in and review of the homework from the previous chapter and then sets the agenda, which out- lines the main focus of the chapter. We then work through the agenda, learning the specific skills covered in the chapter. At the end of each chapter I assign homework, and you are given an opportu- nity to review what you have learned. My hope is that the structure of the chapters will give you a sense of what a structured CBT session is like.

How People Learn The research is clear: to learn a new skill, you not only need new information, but you also need active strategies to help you remember and practice the material you learn (O’Brien et al., 2001). The challenge is how to incorporate active learning into a book. First, if you want to remember something, you need to regularly review. The review can be quick; even spending a minute or two will make a difference. At the end of every chapter is a review section, where you will have a chance to think about what was important to you. In addition, I start every chapter with a quick review of the preceding chapter. Second, research also indicates that actively answering questions and testing yourself helps you remember (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). At the end of each chapter is a list of the main topics we have covered, and after each topic is a question. Try to answer the questions. If you are unsure of the answers, then go back to that section of the chapter. Third, it is hard to remember what you learned unless you apply the material and practice. The data is very clear: the more you practice, the better you get. There is simply no getting around it—if you want to learn a new therapy skill, you need to practice. Throughout the text I have included exercises that I call YOUR TURN! They are an opportunity for you to practice the concept we have just covered. The answers to the YOUR TURN! exercises are in the appendix. You can download additional exer- cises at http://www.newharbinger.com/38501 (see below). Finally, at the end of each chapter I have suggested homework for you to complete before moving on to the next chapter. This is an opportunity for you to bring CBT into your own therapy practice. I think you will enjoy doing the various exercises.

CBT and You Over the years I have found that applying CBT to my own life has not only helped me cope better with various situations, but has also enhanced my CBT skills. Recent research supports my experience that when we apply CBT to ourselves, we become better CBT therapists (Bennett-Levy & Lee, 2014). Throughout the book I have exercises where I ask you to apply CBT to your own life. Try them; I think you will find them helpful.

Online Materials In addition to all of the content in this book, there is a wealth of reproducible supplemental mate- rial available for you to download at New Harbinger’s companion website, http://www.newharbinger .com/38501. Handouts. On the website, you will find handouts that you can use with your clients, including work- sheets and lists of helpful questions. Exercises. These are opportunities for extra practice and for delving into concepts at a more complex level. These exercises are clearly marked in the book with the icon shown here. Audio files. You can find audio files, including the YOUR TURN! Practice in Your Imagination exer- cises, which are marked with the icon shown here. Video clips. Starting in chapter 2, I have short video clips where I demonstrate the skill we have just covered. They are marked with the icon shown here. We will follow two clients, Charlotte and John, who are a combination of many of my clients over the years. Before watching the video clips, please go to http://www.newharbinger.com/38501 and download the short written overview, Charlotte’s and John’s Psychosocial Histories and Presenting Problems.

Conclusion Throughout our careers, David and I have remained enthusiastic about CBT’s capacity to help clients make practical, helpful changes in their lives. We have found that practicing CBT is often fun and engaging as clients start to make real changes. If you are new to CBT, we think this book will give you a solid start; if you have been practicing CBT for a while, we think this book will help you increase your effectiveness. This book demonstrates how David and I do therapy. All therapists have their own style, and there is clearly no one right way to practice CBT. As you read over the sample dialogues, see if there are ways that we practice that you would like to incorporate into your own therapy style. One last word before you start reading the first chapter: do try the exercises. The reality is if you want to learn something new, you have to practice!